A home environment under scientific scrutiny
Indoor air quality is now recognized as a major public health issue. According to the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), French people spend, on average, more than 80% of their time indoors. For infants and young children, this proportion is even higher. However, the air we breathe inside a home can sometimes contain pollutant concentrations higher than those measured outdoors.
This observation, documented for several years, takes on a particularly sensitive dimension when it concerns children under 3 years old. Their developing bodies, higher breathing rate, and behaviors—time spent on the floor, frequent putting of objects in their mouths—expose them more to contaminants present in their immediate environment.
What pollutants are found in homes?
Sources of indoor pollution are numerous and often unknown to parents. ANSES distinguishes several main categories of pollutants likely to be present in the living spaces of young children.
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Volatile organic compounds are emitted by many common materials: paints, varnishes, glues, chipboard furniture, flexible floor coverings. Among them, formaldehyde is classified as a proven human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Significant concentrations can be detected in children's bedrooms that have been recently renovated or furnished.
Fine and ultrafine particles
Cooking food, using candles or incense, and wood-burning heating appliances generate fine particles whose effects on the respiratory system are well documented. In infants, whose respiratory tracts are still maturing, repeated exposure to these particles is associated in scientific literature with an increased risk of respiratory infections and asthma.
Biological allergens
Dust mites, molds, pet dander: these biological allergens thrive in poorly ventilated or humid environments. Excessive humidity in a home is identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a risk factor for children's respiratory health, particularly in connection with the development of allergies and asthma.
Specific biological vulnerability in young children
Understanding why babies are more exposed than adults requires considering several physiological factors. First, their breathing rate is significantly higher: an infant breathes between 30 and 40 times per minute, compared to 12 to 20 times in adults. For the same body volume, they therefore inhale proportionally much more air—and pollutants—than their parents.
Second, hepatic and renal detoxification systems are not yet fully functional in young children, which limits the body's ability to eliminate certain substances. Finally, the brain and central nervous system undergo intense development during the first years of life, a period during which certain chemical exposures can have lasting effects on neurodevelopment. This point is documented in research on endocrine disruptors, which we discussed in a dedicated article on ANSES recommendations.
What health authorities recommend
Given these observations, several official bodies have formulated recommendations for families. ANSES, in its guides on indoor air quality, emphasizes a few fundamental principles accessible to all families.
Regularly ventilate living spaces
Opening windows for at least ten minutes a day, even in winter, helps renew indoor air and dilute pollutant concentrations. This recommendation applies particularly to the baby's room, a space where the child spends a lot of their time.
Choose less emissive products and materials
When furnishing a nursery, ANSES recommends favoring materials with VOC emission labels (A+ classification in France), avoiding painting or renovation work in the weeks preceding the child's arrival, and allowing new furniture to off-gas in a ventilated room before installation.
Limit sources of indoor combustion
Scented candles, incense, wood heating in old appliances: all these sources of fine particles and chemical compounds are not recommended for use in spaces frequented by young children. Santé publique France reminds us that tobacco smoke, even residual on clothes or surfaces, represents a significant exposure for infants.
The role of the immediate environment: what parents can control
The philosophy of slow parenting, as documented in developmental psychology research, encourages paying increased attention to the quality of the environment in which a child grows up, rather than the quantity of stimulation or products offered. This approach aligns with health recommendations: reducing the chemical load of a baby's daily environment is a concrete act of prevention, even before it is a consumer choice. We explored this philosophy in more detail in our article on slow parenting and its scientific foundations.
In this vein, the choice of objects that come into direct contact with the baby deserves special attention. Surfaces on which the child spends time—playmats, cushions, mattresses—can be vectors of exposure to chemical substances if they do not meet strict standards. The Treelys playmat was designed with these requirements in mind: certified materials, absence of concerning chemical compounds, surfaces adapted for repeated contact with the infant's skin and mouth.
Towards better information for families
One of the major obstacles to prevention remains the lack of accessible and reliable information for parents. Sources are numerous, messages are sometimes contradictory, and the mental load associated with parenthood leaves little room for in-depth research. It is precisely for this reason that organizations like ANSES or Santé publique France develop educational resources for the general public.
The national surveillance program for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and communication campaigns on indoor air quality reflect a gradual institutional awareness. For families who wish to delve deeper into the subject, the ANSES website provides regularly updated practical guides on indoor air quality in homes.
Research on the infant microbiome also provides additional insight into the relationship between the home environment and early immune development, a topic we detailed in our article on the infant microbiome in 2026.
What this concretely changes for parents
The good news is that the most effective measures are also often the simplest and least expensive: ventilating, avoiding chemical household products in rooms frequented by the baby, deferring renovations, and preferring certified materials. These actions do not require a lifestyle revolution but do require clear and accessible information.
As a brand committed to a sustainable and thoughtful approach to childcare, Treelys believes that this transparency on environmental issues is an integral part of supporting families. Choosing less but better, being informed about product composition, questioning certifications: these are all reflexes that are part of an attentive parenting vision, without unnecessary anxiety.
